Vowel | SuperCollider 3.13.0 Help

Description

A Vowel contains and handles data to describe formants that allow to distinguish the vowel sounds \a, \e, \i, \o, \u for the registers \bass, \tenor, \counterTenor, \alto and \soprano. The current implementation uses formant data that originally appeared in the C-sound Manual: http://www.csounds.com/manual/html/MiscFormants.html

2011 -- Florian Grond, Till Bovermann

Supported by: the Ambient Intelligence Group, CITEC ( http://www.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/ags/ami ) Bielefeld University, and the TAI Studio ( http://TAI-Studio.org ), Department of Media, Aalto University, Helsinki. Many thanks go to Alberto de Campo and and Julian Rohrhuber.

Class Methods

.formLib

holds formant informationVowel.formLib.at(\a) Vowel.formLib.at(\a, \bass) Vowel.formLib.at(\a, \bass, \freq) Vowel.formLib.postTree;

Returns:

a Dictionary

.new

creates a new instance of Vowel

Arguments:

vowel	select a vowel by the symbols \a, \e, \i, \o, \u. default value is 'a'.
register	select a register by the symbols \bass, \tenor, \counterTenor, \alto, \soprano. Default value is 'bass'.

Returns:

a Vowel

Discussion:

The class exhibits multichannel expansion behaviour{Formants.ar(100, Vowel([\e, \o], [\bass])) * 0.1 }.play {Formants.ar(100, Vowel(\e, [\bass,\alto])) * 0.1 }.play {Formants.ar(100, Vowel([\e, \o], [\bass,\alto])) * 0.1 }.play

.basicNew

You can also explicitly set the formantsVowel.basicNew([ 300, 400, 2700, 3800, 4950 ], [ 0, -16, -35, -40, -6 ], [ 50, 10, 170, 180, 200 ])

Arguments:

freqs	an array of freqs
dBs	an array of dBs
widths	an array of widths in Hz

Returns:

a Vowel

.compose

compose your own vowel based on the ones defined in formTable. Wraps when argument lengths differ (as in channel expansion).

Arguments:

vowelNames	an array describing the vowels' character: \a, \e, \i, \o, \u.
registers	an array describing the vowels' voice: \bass, \tenor, \counter, \alt, \sopran.
weights	an array describing the vowels' weight relative to the others. Should be a normalized sum.

Returns:

a Vowel

Discussion:

Instance Methods

.freqs

Array of freqs, one for each formant.v = Vowel(\e, \tenor) v.freqs v.freqs_({|i| 100 * (i+1) }!5) v.freqs

.dBs

Array of dBs, v = Vowel(\u, \counterTenor) v.dBs v.dBs_({|i| -10 * (i) }!5) v.dBs

.widths

array of widths in Hz, one for each formant.v = Vowel(\o, \soprano) v.widths v.widths_({ 500.rand }!5) v.widths

.amps

array of amps in dB, one for each formant.

.rqs

array of rQ values, one for each formant.

.midinotes

array of midinotes, one for each formant.

.addFormants

v = Vowel() v.addFormants([3000,4000], -6, [200, 200]) {Formants.ar(100, v) * 0.1 }.play {Formants.ar(100, Vowel()) * 0.1}.play {[Formants.ar(100, Vowel()) * 0.1, Formants.ar(100, v) * 0.1 ]}.play v.removeFormants([5,6])

Arguments:

freq
db
width

.removeFormants

Arguments:

index

index of the formant to remove

.ampAt

get amp value for freq according to order of filterVowel(\u).ampAt(100); ~range = {|i|i*2}!2000; Vowel(\u).ampAt(~range ).plot; Vowel(\u).ampAt(~range ).ampdb.plot(minval: -100, maxval: 0); Vowel(\u).ampAt(~range, 0.5 ).plot; Vowel(\u).ampAt(~range, 0.5 ).ampdb.plot(minval: -100, maxval: 0); Vowel(\u).ampAt(~range, 3 ).plot; Vowel(\u).ampAt(~range, 3 ).ampdb.plot(minval: -100, maxval: 0); Vowel(\u).ampAt(~range, [3,1,0.5,2] ).plot Vowel(\u).ampAt(~range, [3,1,0.5,2] ).ampdb.plot(minval: -100, maxval: 0)

Arguments:

freq
filterOrder

.plot

plot the frequency spectrum of the vowel.

Arguments:

fmin
fmax
fstep
order

.asArray

serialise the vowel into an array

Returns:

an arrays of [ freqs, dBs, widths ]

.asEvent

convert into an Event

.asKeyValuePairs

convert into an array of key value pairs

Arguments:

id	optional argument added to each key

.addControls

creates controls in the wrapping synth such that the vowel's parameters can be controlled seamlessly from the language.

Arguments:

id	Optional. If more than one vowel need to be controlled inside one Synth, this id can be used to differentiate them from each other.
rate	either \kr or \ar
lag	array of lag times

Discussion:

+

plus

Arguments:

that
adverb

-

minus

Arguments:

that
adverb

*

multiply

Arguments:

that
adverb

/

divide

Arguments:

that
adverb

.blend

blends two vowels by linear interpolation between of midinotes, widths and dBs.

Arguments:

that	a Vowel
blendFrac	coefficient. Range from 0.0 (this) to 1.0 (that).

Returns:

a new instance of Vowel

.brightenRel

lift the upper formants by multiplying their dBs with a factor. The sum of all dBs remains fixed.

Arguments:

bright	coefficient to brighten the vowel. Typical ranges are from 1 (no change) to 3.
refFormant	reference formant, whose amplitude remains unchanged. Default value is 0 (first formant)

Discussion:

NOTE: If the coefficient bright is > 1 and the refFormant is > 0, the resulting signal may raise to a very big amplitude.Vowel().brightenRel(1 ).dBs.postln; Vowel().brightenRel(0.1).dBs.postln; Vowel().brightenRel(1.5).dBs.postln; // refFormant = 0 loud on the left {Formants.ar(100, Vowel().brightenRel(MouseX.kr(0, 2), 0 )) * 0.1}.play // refFormant = 1 {Formants.ar(100, Vowel().brightenRel(MouseX.kr(0, 2), 1 )) * 0.1}.play // refFormant = 2 {Formants.ar(100, Vowel().brightenRel(MouseX.kr(0, 2), 2 )) * 0.1}.play // refFormant = 3 {Formants.ar(100, Vowel().brightenRel(MouseX.kr(0, 2), 3 )) * 0.1}.play // refFormant = 4 loud on the right {Formants.ar(100, Vowel().brightenRel(MouseX.kr(0, 2), 4 )) * 0.1}.play

.brightenLin

allows to lift the upper formants by multiplying their dBs. the sum of all dBs remains constant.

Arguments:

bright	coefficient to brighten the vowel. Typical ranges are from 1 (no change) to 3.
refFormant	reference formant, whose amplitude remains unchanged. Default value is 0 (first formant)

Discussion:

.brightenExp

allows to relatively lift the upper formants by keeping the sum of gains of all formants constant.

Arguments:

bright

coefficient to brighten the vowel. Typical ranges are from 1 (no change) to 3.

Discussion:

.asKlankRef

(describe method here)

Arguments:

baseFreq	undocumented
numPartials
ring

.printOn

prettyprint support

Arguments:

stream

.storeArgs

archival support

Examples

In SynthDefs:( SynthDef(\vowblend,{|freq = 100, b1 = 0.5, b2 = 0.5, b3 = 0.5, b4 = 0.5 bright = 0, pan = 0| var va = Vowel(\a, \bass), ve = Vowel(\e, \tenor), vi = Vowel(\i, \counterTenor), vo = Vowel(\o, \alto), vu = Vowel(\u, \soprano), sig; sig = Formants.ar( freq, va .blend(ve, b1) .blend(vi, b2) .blend(vo, b3) .blend(vu, b4) .brightenExp(bright, 1) ) * EnvGen.kr(Env.perc, 3.0, doneAction: 2); Out.ar(0, Pan2.ar(sig, pan, 0.1)); }).add ) ( Task({ 32.do({ arg i; Synth(\vowblend, [ \pan, i.linlin(0,32, -1, 1 ), \freq, i.linlin(0,32, 30, 66 ).midicps, \b1, 2.rand, \b2, 2.rand, \b3, 2.rand, \b4, 2.rand, \bright, 1.5.rand ]); 0.25.wait });}).play )

using addControls to create buses ( x = SynthDef(\test, { Out.ar(0, Formants.ar(420, Vowel(\a).addControls(3)) * 0.01 ) }).play ) x.inspect x.setn(*Vowel(\i).asKeyValuePairs(3));

JITLib style:NdefMixer(s); Ndef(\vowel, {Formants.ar(200, Vowel(\a, \soprano)) * 0.01 }).play ( Ndef(\vowel, { Formants.ar(200, Vowel(\o, \soprano) .blend(Vowel(\i, \tenor), SinOsc.kr(10).range(0,1))) * 0.01 }).play ) ( Ndef(\vowel, { Formants.ar(LFNoise0.kr(10).exprange(100, 400), Vowel(\o, \soprano) .brightenExp(SinOsc.kr(2).range(0,1), 1), unfold: true ).mean * 0.01 }).play ) Ndef(\vowel, { Formants.ar(200, Vowel(\a, \soprano).addControls(4)) * 0.01 }).play Ndef(\vowel).setn(*Vowel(\e, \bass).asKeyValuePairs(4).flatten) Ndef(\vowel).setn(*Vowel(\u).asKeyValuePairs(4).flatten) Ndef(\vowel, { Formants.ar(200, Vowel(\a, \soprano), unfold: true).scramble.keep(2) * 0.1 }).play Ndef(\vowel).free(2) Ndef(\vowel).fadeTime = 4; ( Ndef(\vowel, { Formants.ar([1, 2, 4] * 240 * {LFNoise1.kr(5, 0.003, 1)}!3, Vowel(\a, [\bass, \tenor, \soprano]), freqMods: LFNoise1.ar(4*[0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5].scramble, 0.1, ampMods: [1, 1, 1, 0] )).sum * 0.1 }).play )

Fun.( // CPU demanding ~freqs = {|i| 50 * 1.5.pow(i) }!9; ~numChan = 2; r = Routine{ var sustain = 8, transition = 3, overlap = 4; var period = 1.5 * 2.sqrt; var harms, amps; 0.5.wait; inf.do{ harms = {|i| (i+1) * ~freqs.choose }!60; amps = Vowel([\a,\e,\i,\o,\u].choose,[\bass,\tenor,\counterTenor,\alto,\soprano].choose).ampAt(harms); { PanAz.ar(~numChan, DynKlank.ar( `[~freqs,amps,amps], Decay.ar(Impulse.ar( exp(1)/5.0 ), SinOsc.kr( pi/9.0, 1.0.rand ).range(0.05,0.7) ) ) * EnvGen.kr(Env.new([-40,-20, -30,-40].dbamp, [2/5.0, 1/5.0,2/5.0],'exponential'), 1.0, timeScale: 35, levelScale: 0.1, doneAction: 2) ,SinOsc.kr(0.5, 1.0.rand) )}.play; period.wait; } }; r.play; ) r.stop; //stop spawning new synths ( Ndef(\vowel).fadeTime = 5; Ndef(\vowel, { var freqs, dBs, widths, out; var baseFreq = LFNoise0.kr([5, 10] * 0.1).round(0.1).exprange(50, 200) * [2, 1.01]; #freqs, dBs, widths = (Vowel(\i, \soprano).blend(Vowel(\o, \bass), LFNoise1.kr(0.1265))).blend(Vowel(\e, \bass), LFNoise1.kr(10)).asArray; //freqs = freqs * SinOsc.ar([0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4].scramble, Rand(), 0.1, 1); freqs = freqs * LFNoise1.ar([0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4].scramble, 0.1, 1); out = [freqs, widths, dBs.dbamp].flop.collect{ |args| Formant.ar(baseFreq, *args); }.flop; out = out.collect{|vocal| Splay.ar(vocal) }.sum.postln; out * LFPulse.ar([9, 9.01], 0, 0.4).range(0, 1).lag(0.01, 0.5) * LFPulse.ar(0.1, [0, 0.35], [0.9, 0.8]).lag(0.01) * 0.1 }).play )

helpfile source: HelpSource/Classes/Vowel.schelp
link::Vowel/Classes/Vowel::

VowelExtension

.formLib

Returns:

.new

Arguments:

Returns:

Discussion:

.basicNew

Arguments:

Returns:

.compose

Arguments:

Returns:

Discussion:

.freqs

.dBs

.widths

.amps

.rqs

.midinotes

.addFormants

Arguments:

.removeFormants

Arguments:

.ampAt

Arguments:

.plot

Arguments:

.asArray

Returns:

.asEvent

.asKeyValuePairs

Arguments:

.addControls

Arguments:

Discussion:

Arguments:

Arguments:

Arguments:

Arguments:

.blend

Arguments:

Returns:

.brightenRel

Arguments:

Discussion:

.brightenLin

Arguments:

Discussion:

.brightenExp

Arguments:

Discussion:

.asKlankRef

Arguments:

.printOn

Arguments:

.storeArgs

Vowel
Extension